My name is Ben and I have been studying in Business Management for the last 2 years at Ahuntsic College. I'm making this glossary simply because I want to help people in high school who are interested in going into this field of study with a first look into the terms that are going to be used during their time in college.
company
noun
A legal entity made up of an association of people, be they natural, legal, or a mixture of both, for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.
Example: The litigation between the parties arises out of the Claimant's purchase from the First Defendant ("Strand"), by an agreement dated 13 June 2005 ("the purchase agreement"), of the entire share capital of Golfrate Africa Ltd ("GAL"), a company incorporated in the Isle of Man that in turn held all of the issued share capital of Goflrate Holdings (Angola) Limitada ("GHAL"), a company incorporated in Angola that carried on in that country a cash-and-carry business selling food, home and personal care products.
fr: entreprise
consumer
noun
A person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Example: Sales are susceptible to changes in consumer demand, changes in competitor pricing and an array of other external factors, meaning production may not always equal sale levels.
fr: consommateur
demand
noun
The desire of purchasers, consumers, clients, employers, etc., for a particular commodity, service, or other item.
Example: Sales are susceptible to changes in consumer demand, changes in competitor pricing and an array of other external factors, meaning production may not always equal sale levels.
fr: demande
distribution
noun
The action or process of supplying goods to stores and other businesses that sell to consumers.
Example: They also concentrate on serving products which everyone can access and this leads to believe they consider wide distribution (production orientation) as an important factor.
fr: distribution
dividend
noun
A sum of money paid regularly (typically quarterly) by a company to its shareholders out of its profits (or reserves).
Example: The NPV method acknowledges that a pound today is worth more than a pound in the future because of inflation, risk and the opportunity cost of investing that pound today at the real interest rate. such as dividend payments, other capital budgeting methods and interest payments.
fr: dividende
inflation
noun
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Example: There seems to be a trade-off between unemployment and inflation, which implies that real wages are countercyclical.
fr: inflation
interest
noun
Money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt.
Example: In PCD Maltron's case this is bad news; as the company is not very well established the security they can offer is quite low and so the interest charged on the loan would probably not justify taking the loan out.
fr: l'intérêt
inventory
noun
A complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building.
Example: All three distribution channels are being utilised, mass merchandise, specialist and department stores No outstanding loans or R&D projects Advertising accounts for approx. 60% of budget Operating solely in Sonites market Suggested Future Plans: Increase advertising of SULI by 20% Increase Sales Force by 30 R&D possibility of entering Vodite market Lower production levels to reduce inventory Marketing Strategy Lessons Learnt: Carry out detailed analysis of market before launching R&D projects.
fr: inventaire
loan
noun
A thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest.
Example: Banks feel reluctant to give you a loan which is a lot more than your current income.
fr: prêt
market
noun
A demand for a particular commodity or service.
Example: Thus, Britain suffered heavily in financial terms, as the colonies were a big market for its exports.
fr: marché
marketing
noun
The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising.
Example: The state now supports nearly 90 wineries, yet lacks any focus within the industry, and marketing rarely stems beyond the fields of production.1 With nearly 33% of the State's population living in the urban context, reaching the metropolitan areas will not only spur interest amongst city residents, but will magnetize tourists and begin to establish connections on the national market.2 This unique project will examine the bridging of a typically agricultural typology into the realm of an urban environment, thus encouraging the dynamism of the regional industry.
fr: commercialisation
product
noun
An article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale.
Example: Introducing a new product requiring only 700 hours of vat time a week would not require an increase in production capacity.
fr: produit
production
noun
The action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.
Example: There are many factors that could affect the production of the division and it is wise to weigh the costs and benefits of all the alternatives available in order to decide which move will be most beneficial.
fr: production
promotion
noun
The publicization of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness.
Example: Now, however, a more cautious yet calculated management of the promotion variable should be applied.
fr: promotion
service
noun
A system supplying a public need such as transport, communications, or utilities such as electricity and water.
Example: As such, nursing theorists assert that integration of methods provides an effective and complete assessment of an entire health care service (Benneral. 1996; Foss and Ellefsen, 2002) since it capitalises on the strengths of different methods while compensating for their individual weaknesses (Punch 1998).
fr: service
share
noun
One of the equal parts into which a company's capital is divided, entitling the holder to a proportion of the profits.
Example: This evidence is consistent with the Solow model with a capital share (α) of around three-quarters.
fr: actions
shareholder
noun
An owner of shares in a company.
Example: The model developed by Farrar and Selwyn (1967) assumes that shareholders attempt to maximize their after-tax income by choosing the amount of personal and corporate leverage and also whether to accept corporate distribution as dividends or capital gains.
If firm pays out all its cash flows as dividends, the shareholder will receive Where r = the borrowing rate Dc = corporate debts Tc = the corporate tax rate Dpi = personal debts held by the individual Tpi = the personal income tax rate Empirical evidence in the United States indicates that the capital gains tax is less than the personal income tax, therefore the model implies that perhaps it would be optimal to pay no dividends at all due to the tax disadvantage of ordinary income over capital gains.
Nevertheless, the shareholders with different tax liability do not necessarily have the same preference.
fr: actionnaire
stock exchange
noun
A market in which securities are bought and sold.
Example: Once we know the Beta of the New York stock exchange equals to 100000, for instance, we will be able to predict the required return on equity. 3 The Usefulness & Criticisms of the CAPM The expected return calculated applying CAPM is an important tool in project appraisal.
fr: bourse
storage
noun
Space available for storing something, in particular allocated space in a warehouse.
Example: A possibly worthwhile investment which should be studied further is the expansion of the firm's facilities, particularly the acquisition of larger storage tanks.
fr: espace de rangement
supply
noun
A stock of a resource from which a person or place can be provided with the necessary amount of that resource.
Example: There is, in one way, an admirable balance of supply and demand, and some applicants are good by any standards.
